Month: March 2024

Taking Away the Punchbowl: Removing Open Market Investments from the MLC

Whenever someone is holding your money, you kind of want to a lot of about it, don’t you? You want to know how much, where they hold it, and when you get it back, right? Seems reasonable. But not only does the MLC hold what is likely to be hundreds of millions in black box money, they don’t really tell you these attributes, do they?

Plus they tell you that somehow the Music Modernization Act authorizes them to invest your money in the open market to obtain some theoretical government mandated rate of return, yet the Copyright Act says nothing of the kind.

They then refuse to disclose how they intend to invest OPM and who bears any losses and makes any profit from these open market transactions. They don’t just refuse to tell songwriters, because why tell them whose money it is, they don’t just refuse to tell the Copyright Office who is tasked by Congress with overseeing their operations, they also dodge answering questions from the very Congressional committee that oversees the MLC.

The other problem is that the longer the MLC delays in distributing the black box to the correct copyright owners, the more likely it is that the MLC will choose the nuclear option–market share distribution to the copyright owners who are overrepresented on the MLC’s board without regard to copyright ownership. And just to be clear what that means, it means the black box money is going to get shared with people who aren’t entitled to it thus leaving lots of hungry people.

Many people believe that this is exactly the intent and that the market share distribution will happen right after the MLC gets redesigned to operate for another five years at the punchbowl. Why? Because when the market share distribution happens it very likely will tip off an aggressive no-shit backlash against the MLC that would likely argue they can’t be trusted with much of anything at all.

It’s entirely possible that if the MLC has been this secretive about the amount of black box money in its grasp, the lobbyists never came clean with Congress about just how much the services were paying for their retroactive safe harbor in the form of undisclosed and unallocated monies. Remember the big scramble to deny a press report that the black box was over $1 billion? Maybe that press report wasn’t so far off after all.

Fortunately, there is a simple solution. Congress needs to take away any control or decision making about the unallocated black box money from the MLC. This could be as simple as a technical amendment forcing the MLC to act in a transparent manner and disclose the current investments of the black box money, any desposits and withdrawals, and to force distributions to occur when claimed by the correct owner.

The entire concept of a market share distribution should be eliminated from the Copyright Act because it creates a perverse incentive not to find the true owners by the people who benefit from the market share distribution. This moral hazard was obvious from the time the lobbyists drafted Title I of the Music Modernization Act and it should come as no surprise that it has failed miserably.

There’s no time like the present to fix it. Decisions about the black box should be taken away from the MLC and placed far, far outside if its orbit of the network of interlocking boards, consultants, accountants and companies surrounding the MLC and its confederates.

Chronology: The Week in Review: MLC Redesignation Proceeding Highlights Ownership Issues for the Government’s Musical Works Database; TikTok’s SOPA Problem; Google’s Nonindemnity Indemnity for AI

One of the few things Congress got right in Title I of the Music Modernization Act is the five-year review of the mechanical licensing collective. Or more precisely, whether the private company previously designated by the Copyright Office to conduct the functions of the Mechanical Licensing Collective should have another five years to continue doing whatever it is they do.

Impliedly, and I think a bit unfairly, Congress told the Copyright Office to approve its own decision to appoint the current MLC or admit they made a mistake. This is yet another one of the growing list oversights in the oversight. Wouldn’t it make more sense for someone not involved in the initial decision to be evaluating the performance of the MLC? Particularly when there are at least tens of millions changing hands as well as some highly compensated MLC employees, any one of whom makes more than the Copyright Royalty Judges.

What happens if the Register of Copyright actually fires The MLC, Inc. and designates a new MLC operator? The first question probably should be what happens to the vaunted MLC musical works database and the attendant software and accounting systems which seem to be maintained out of the UK for some reason.

I actually raised this question in a comment to the Copyright Office back in 2020. In short, my question was probably more of a statement: ‘‘The musical works database does not belong to the MLC or The MLC and if there is any confusion about that, it should be cleared up right away.” The Copyright Office had a very clear response:

While the mechanical licensing collective must ‘‘establish and maintain a database containing information relating to musical works,’’ the statute and legislative history emphasize that the database is meant to benefit the music industry overall and is not ‘‘owned’’ by the collective itself….Any use by the Office referring to the public database as ‘‘the MLC’s database’’ or ‘‘its database’’ was meant to refer to the creation and maintenance of the database, not ownership. [85 FR at 58172, text accompanying notes 30 and 31.]

So if the current operator of the MLC is fired, we know from the MMA and the Copyright Office guidance that one thing The MLC, Inc. cannot do is hold the database and its attendant systems hostage, or demand payment, or any other shadiness. These items do not belong to them so they must not assert control over that which they do not own.

Which would include the hundreds of millions of black box money that the MLC, Inc. has failed to distribute in going on four years. I’ve even heard cynics suggest that the market share distribution of black box will occur immediately following The MLC, Inc.’s redesignation and the corresponding renewal of HFA’s back office contract which seems to be worth about $10 million a year all by itself.

What would also have been helpful would be for Congress to have required the Copyright Office to publish evaluation criteria for what they expected the MLC’s operator to actually do as well as performance benchmarks. Like I said, it’s a bit unfair of Congress to put the Copyright Office in the unprecedented position of evaluating such an important role with no guidance whatsoever. Surely Congress did not intend for the Copyright Office to have unfettered autonomy in deciding what standards to apply to their review of a quasi-governmental agency like the MLC, yet seems to have defaulted to the guardrail of the Administrative Procedures Act or some other backstop to sustain checks and balances on the situation.

But at least the ownership question is settled.

Breaking the Internet Yet Again: TikTok’s SOPA Problem

TikTok users swarmed over the Capitol to protest and impede a Congressional vote that would force the sale of the ubiquitous TikTok. Can Camp Pelosi redux be far behind? Well, no, because this was a digital swarm which is just different, you see. It’s just different when Big Tech tries to protect an IPO.

TikTok’s tactics are very reminiscent of Google’s tactics with SOPA or Napster’s tactics with Camp Chaos.

But not even Napster had the brass to go to full on papal indulgences. Yes, that’s right: NunTok will save the IPO.

Nuns good, TikTok bad!

I wonder which Washington lobbyist thought of NunTok? Perhaps this guy:

Google’s Nonindemnity Indemnity for AI

Some generative AI platforms are trying to make users believe that the company will actually protect them from copyright infringement claims. When you drill down on what the promise actually is, it’s pretty flimsy and may itself be consumer fraud.